Town of Hemptstead's Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation. The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. Increased turbidity leads to the blockage of light beyond water surface, thus hampering photosynthetic activities below the water surface such as the benthic region. Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. The environmental problem of this practice is that the sand dumped by the shore smothers plants and animals around the area and changes the coast from a marshy to a sandy area. ( See also city; urban planning .) You have entered an incorrect email address! The attractiveness of the coastline is resulting in population concentrations along the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher . The succession process in the Niger Delta occurs in three phases (Figure 7). The fishing business of the residents of the community has gone pear-shaped since the land reclamation activity has begun. Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. A conceptualized reclamation pattern in coastal communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Centralization: these are lands that are regarded as focal points as a result of their economic value. Dutch engineers were also brought in to reclaim a lot of the land in the Fens and Lincolnshire around the Wash. It is the responsibility of the Government to protect the land against illegal landscape reclamations. It is noteworthy that Songo International Business District also in South Korea which is reputed to be the largest private development in the country is built on a reclaimed land in the area of Incheon waterfront. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. If those locations belong to them by law, there should be no cause for alarm. roads, buildings, industries and parks. An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. I have this example for you. Contact our London head office or media team here. Nigeria has a total of 36 states, and 774 Local Government Areas that are spread across the 39th most populous country in the world. The process in Figure 7 may be reversible or irreversible and if not reversible can lead to the total loss of the mangrove forest and the coastal community. A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. If done in an organised manner, I believe nobody will complain. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. Land reclamation is a common problem in the cities. The provisions of the EIA Act No. Agricultural activities such as rice paddies and aquaculture are embarked upon in swampy coastal locations [14]. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. The white patches sum up to give a total of 4.2 million m2 of mangroves removed in 1984. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. 2020 The Author(s). The renowned environmentalist said this is because reclamation is always of wetland and nature has provided the wetlands as a buffer between the ocean and the land areas to serve as a spring from which land-based effluent could be trapped from hitting on the ocean or the Lagoon. African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. Mangroves are regarded as land forming organisms [10]. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. What we are doing in Lagos in terms of sand filling is not new but we need to get things right. But an extreme form of conversion of a landscape to an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization. Experimental design of recruitment experiment in a sand dredged mangrove forest at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill . Former mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. Expansion of creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce and construction. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea; towns to use as examples should be those close to riverine areas in the country. This further denigrates the soil structure and converts the aquatic environment to marshy environment. It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. With . For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. Also the Project Director, Arctic Infrastructure (AI), Mr. Lookman Oshodi, observed that in a city like Lagos where the per square kilometre of land available to a resident is relatively small, physical development is in spread form and cohesive approach to organise the city is not adequate, leading to competition over space which gives the outlook of the winner takes all. Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. This estimate was made using Arc GIS [9]. early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. Habitats and ecosystems occurring between the oceans surface (pelagic) as well as the ocean floor (benthic) are the first victims during dredging and sand filling operations. Speaking during an interview with Punch, the state Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Kehinde Bamigbetan said that the Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA report on the project had taken care of future negative impact on the environment, adding that the Lagos state government, as a responsible government, carried out comprehensive EIA before embarking on massive land reclamation going on in the coastal areas of the state. This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by Cultural activity such as fish farming results in the reclamation of coastal areas and the balkanization of river tributaries. Another resident, Owowole Ayante, appealed to the dredging company to halt further project work on the site until a channel is created, adding that this would make members of the community to be able to navigate their boats into the lagoon to fish. The result indicates that Potassium and magnesium had the highest concentration. How? The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. Changes in river channel via canalization or dredging changes the river system by increasing the length and breadth of the river which affects the flow dynamics and hydrology of the river [3]. Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. Over population is a major factor that had led to the extension of cities beyond coastal limits. According to him, artificial land reclamation activities have been an age-long war between man and nature, noting that Lagos state government needs to get things right and be careful as the exercise could lead to disastrous consequence. Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. The economy is all about the desire for resources and land. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. It is business on the part of those doing it because poor people dont benefit from the houses being built on the reclaimed land. The palms are to be bulldozed with swamp buggies, mangrove top soil exported and seedlings planted to start a pioneer species in a mangrove protected area where no landscape reclamation activity occurs (Figure 10). Minna. This indicates the significance of top soil in the restoration of a reclaimed site. But when it becomes rampant and reckless, the people must resist it because usurping natural settings could be disastrous in the long run, he said. Loss of trees leads to increased soil erosion and increased sedimentation of river. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. According to them, the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while environmental safeguards have continued to be weakened. The next kind of management is human management [19]. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. This method is suitable for granular fill. Political Map of Nigeria Map based on a UN map. This leads to the impairment of the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms around the reclaimed area. Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam is backing a plan to throw $64 billion . The crude oil resource is mainly present in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the centripetal force on which the nations economy revolves [3]. But ecology sees farther ahead.. This will however, take 1020years to stabilize. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. Answer this Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. Presence of sediments leads to the gradual formation of terrestrial areas, which becomes the habitat for plants. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. Permits are issued by DEC for annual terms of up to five years and may be renewed. The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. 08 February 2021 | The major purpose of land reclamation is to restore degraded land, but in the Niger Delta land reclamation is used to acquire land from coastal communities for the purpose of expanding land surface for construction of houses for human habitation. Presently buildings have been erected on the site, which are occupied by some people. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. Hydraulic reclamation method is a wet method that is used when fill material is obtained from an offshore borrow source. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. Home > But a land or coastal area that has been plundered and polluted may loss its economic value [2]. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. Several laws have been enforced to restrict construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim land from these zones. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. The causes of land reclamation in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: (1) direct and (2) indirect causes. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). Land reclamation impact the coastal environment in several ways (Table 1). Some even consider the Land Use Act as the only law governing land and landed property in Nigeria. Seventy percent of our mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds. However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. However, many land reclamation activities are not development-centered, but business-centered. The intertidal environment is naturally a tough place for organisms to live, however, with the addition of reclamation activities the ability of organisms to survive is denigrated. The soil chemistry is also affected by the manures and fertilizers that come from the farm and the waste from fish ponds. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. Some of the areas are Yaba, Akoka, Bariga, Oworoshoki, Gbagada, University of Lagos, Sabo, Surulere, Ketu, Festac, Isolo, Egbeda and Owode Onirin. Specifically, the mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. 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