(h) Any judicial reapportionment order adopted by the board must be approved by a record vote of the majority of the membership of both the senate and house of representatives before such order can become effective and binding. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, []. License: 2022, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, The Texas State Constitution and the American Federal System, Introduction to Texas History and Politics, The Executive Department and the Office of the Governor of Texas, Voting and Political Participation in Texas, Introduction: The Texas State Constitution and the American Federal System, The Evolution of the Texas State Constitution, Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States (1824), Constitution Of Coahuila And Texas (1827), Constitution of the Republic of Texas (1836), The 1870s: The Constitutional Convention of 1875. b. In case of vacancy the Commissioners Court of the county shall have the power to appoint a County Attorney until the next general election. 2. 5a. 3: See Appendix, Note 3. A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. 11. It also details the mechanism by which new states are permitted to enter the nation and the federal government's obligation to maintain law and order in the event of an "invasion" or other breakdown of a peaceful union. (f) The Legislature by general law may prescribe the qualifications of constables. (b) For the purpose of hearing cases, the Court of Criminal Appeals may sit in panels of three Judges, the designation thereof to be under rules established by the court. The practice and procedures relating to the use of indictments and informations, including their contents, amendment, sufficiency, and requisites, are as provided by law. (e) The Legislature shall authorize the purchase or acquisition by the Authority of any existing airport facility publicly owned and financed and served by certificated airlines, in fee or of any interest therein, or to enter into any lease agreement therefor, upon such terms and conditions as may be mutually agreeable to the Authority and the owner of such facilities, or authorize the acquisition of same through the exercise of the power of eminent domain. The commissioners court may reinstate an office of constable declared dormant by vote of the commissioners court or by calling an election in the precinct to reinstate the office. With a majority vote, the amendment is ratified. The current constitution took effect on February 15, 1876. An amendment is a change to the Constitution. (e) Unless the legislature enacts a statewide reapportionment of the judicial districts following each federal decennial census, the board shall convene not later than the first Monday of June of the third year following the year in which the federal decennial census is taken to make a statewide reapportionment of the districts. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Aug. 25, 1945, Nov. 4, 1980, and Nov. 6, 2001; Subsec. The Justices shall have the qualifications prescribed for Justices of the Supreme Court. If any city or owner has outstanding revenue bonds where the revenues of the airport have been pledged or said bonds constitute a lien against the airport facilities, the Authority shall assume and discharge all the obligations of the city under the ordinances and bond indentures under which said revenue bonds have been issued and sold. Provided, that the decision of said courts shall be conclusive on all questions of fact brought before them on appeal or error. Sec. DIVISION OF COUNTIES INTO PRECINCTS; JUSTICES OF THE PEACE AND CONSTABLES; COUNTY COMMISSIONERS AND COUNTY COMMISSIONERS COURT. The Judges of all Courts of county-wide jurisdiction heretofore or hereafter created by the Legislature of this State, and all Criminal District Attorneys now or hereafter authorized by the laws of this State, shall be elected for a term of four years, and shall serve until their successors have qualified. 11. The union between Texas and the other States was as complete, as perpetual, and as indissoluble as the union between the original States. (5) The Commission may hold its meetings, hearings and other proceedings at such times and places as it shall determine but shall meet at Austin at least once each year. The Court shall hold the regular terms at the County Seat of each County in the Court's district in such manner as may be prescribed by law. IX, Nov. 6, 2001.) Article II of the Texas Constitution consists of only a single section, with fewer than 100 words. If the Judicial Districts Board fails to make a statewide apportionment by that date, the Legislative Redistricting Board established by Article III, Section 28, of this constitution shall make a statewide reapportionment of the judicial districts not later than the 150th day after the final day for the Judicial Districts Board to make the reapportionment. The legislature may delegate any of these powers to the board. The state constitution establishes the structure and purpose of the Texas government. No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due. The Supreme Court has held that it is not compulsory for the fugitive to have fled after an indictment was issued, but only that the fugitive fled after having committed the crime. Nothing in this amendment shall increase the rights of any riparian or littoral landowner with regard to beaches available to the public by virtue of public right or submerged lands. In 1912, Luther was reaffirmed in Pacific States Telephone and Telegraph Co. v. Alabama is, therefore, entitled to the sovereignty and jurisdiction over all the territory within her limits to maintain any other doctrine, is to deny that Alabama has been admitted into the union on an equal footing with the original states to Alabama belong the navigable waters and soils under them. 7a. There are, however, several places within it where the principles behind the concept are articulated. 9B. If an office of constable is declared dormant, the office may not be filled by election or appointment and the previous officeholder does not continue to hold the office under Subsection (a) of this section or Section 17, Article XVI, of this constitution. In 1864, during the Civil War, an effort to repeal this clause of the Constitution failed. CLERKS OF APPELLATE COURTS. When a judge of the District Court is disqualified by any of the causes above stated, the parties may, by consent, appoint a proper person to try said case; or upon their failing to do so, a competent person may be appointed to try the same in the county where it is pending, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. Article IV addresses something different: the states' relations with each other, sometimes called "horizontal federalism." Its first section, the Full Faith and Credit Clause, requires every state, as part of a single nation, to give a certain measure of respect to every other state's laws and institutions. (a) The state shall be divided into courts of appeals districts, with each district having a Chief Justice, two or more other Justices, and such other officials as may be provided by law. (b) The supreme court and the court of criminal appeals shall promulgate rules of procedure relating to the review of those questions. Sec. No redistricting plan may be proposed or adopted by the legislature, the Judicial Districts Board, or the Legislative Redistricting Board in anticipation of a future action by the voters of any county. Sec. By 1875, Reconstruction was winding to a halt, and Democrats had regained power in Texas. Texas utilizes a plural executive which means the power of the Governor is limited and distributed amongst other government officials.In other words, there is not one government official in Texas that is solely responsible for the Texas Executive Branch. Pa. 1823), the federal circuit court held that privileges and immunities in respect of which discrimination is barred include. This article makes a personal income tax unlikely in Texas because: registered voters in the state must approve a personal income tax. Ralph dies without having made a will. Since 1876, the legislature has proposed hundreds of amendments, the majority of which have been adopted by voters. 14, Art. (f) deleted, and Subsec. The first section requires states to extend "full faith and credit" to the public acts, records and court proceedings of other states. Butler withdrew the clause. The taxable property shall be assessed on a valuation not to exceed the market value and shall be equal and uniform throughout the Authority as is otherwise provided by the Constitution. By the end of this section, you will be able to: This section discussesthe Constitution of 1876s role in Texas. 2: See Appendix, Note 3.). Sec. The Fugitive Slave Clause requires the return of fugitive slaves; this clause has not been repealed, but it was rendered moot by the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, except in the prison system. When any part of a county is stricken off and attached to, or created into another county, the part stricken off shall be holden for and obliged to pay its proportion of all the liabilities then existing, of the county from which it was taken, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. Each county in the State with a population of 18,000 or more but less than 50,000, according to the most recent federal census, from time to time, for the convenience of the people, shall be divided into not less than two and not more than eight precincts. 5. Article Seven, the last and shortest of the Constitution's original articles, stipulated that the Constitution, before it could become established as the "Law of the Land", must obtain the consent of the people by being ratified by popular conventions within the several states. If the district hereinabove authorized is finally created, no other hospital district may be created embracing any part of the territory within its boundaries, but the Legislature by law may authorize the creation of a hospital district incorporating therein the remainder of Jefferson County, having the powers and duties and with the limitations presently provided by Article IX, Section 4, of the Constitution of Texas. Why is the Texas Constitution So Dang Long? (d) A District Court shall conduct its proceedings at the county seat of the county in which the case is pending, except as otherwise provided by law. (h) The commissioners court of a county may declare the office of constable in a precinct dormant if at least seven consecutive years have passed since the end of the term of the person who was last elected or appointed to the office and during that period of time no person was elected to fill that office, or during that period a person was elected to that office, but the person failed to meet the qualifications of that office or failed to assume the duties of that office. 3a: See Appendix, Note 3.). (2) prescribe a reasonable period, which may not exceed 45 days, after the provision of that notice during which the court may not enter a judgment holding the statute unconstitutional. (Added Nov. 8, 1966; amended Nov. 2, 1999.) Each Court of Appeals shall designate one of its members for inclusion in the list from which the selection is made. Amended Nov. 6, 2001, and Sept. 13, 2003.) (Feb. 15, 1876. Sec. In modifying any judicial district, no county having a population as large or larger than the population of the judicial district being reapportioned shall be added to the judicial district. c. Why is some risk diversifiable? This clause, sometimes referred to as the Guarantee Clause, has long been at the forefront of the debate about the rights of citizens vis--vis the government. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. 12. In other words, there is no one government official who is solely responsible for the Texas Executive Branch. 6 Article 8 of the Texas Constitution deals with taxation and revenue. 312 (1839), the court heard a case where one party obtained a judgment in South Carolina and sought to enforce it in Georgia, which had a statute of limitations that barred actions on judgments after a certain amount of time had passed since the judgment was entered. Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution&oldid=1142197942, Articles of the United States Constitution, Articles with dead external links from January 2023, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:36. [7] It would later be applied with regard to the formation of Maine (from Massachusetts) and West Virginia (from Virginia). 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