CloudKit sharing is made possible primarily by the CKShare class. Select recordName from the list and ensure the index type is Queryable. Last, open HomeView.swift and look for the swipeActions modifier. Toptal handpicks top iOS developers to suit yourneeds. Updating NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to Prepare for Share, Displaying Private Data Versus Shared Data. The first is the notion of a set of actors. I set the BlockBasedProvider as the provider. To achieve this, youll implement fetchShares(matching:). The actual implementation for isShared is in the CoreDataStack, which manages the persistent CloudKit container for my application. to communicate these states and privileges. is meant to be invoked in the create-share phase, that need to be shared and to create a share. Each of these participants will be able to access and operate on the objects I share with them. Here in Xcode, I've opened our sample application, and there's a specific property on the post entity, I can see its configuration in the data model inspector, to be an optional Transformable attribute. Not the answer you're looking for? Once set up, operations are passed to the CKDatabase object, where theyll be executed on a background thread. informative user interfaces for our users. Generally speaking, youll be working with an NSManagedObject from your view. Let's see that in action. Users may not be signed in, they may have disabled CloudKit for the app, they may be in airplane modethe list of exceptions goes on. In theory, you needed only three steps. So let's look at how I've changed my application to communicate these states and privileges. Next, I'll tap Mail and invite Jermaine and Mary. Customizations like this necessarily require more complicated code than if I chose not to support sharing. Ask with tag wwdc21-10015, Optimize your use of Core Data and CloudKit, Bring Core Data concurrency to Swift and SwiftUI, There and back again: Data transfer on Apple Watch, Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. Learn SwiftUI and take your iOS Development to the Next LevelSwiftUI Essentials iOS 16 Edition book is now available in Print ($39.99) and eBook ($29.99) editions. Tap the Add Destination button. If you have any questions or comments, please join the forum discussion below. If it is, then this object is already shared. These values are decrypted locally on device after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server, and they're encrypted locally on device before they are uploaded to the CloudKit server. For example, if you want to extend this app to handle multiple Notes rather than just one, you could do so more readily (and with higher resulting performance) than if youd just used Apples convenience APIs. to combine the .private and .shared databases. In anticipation of this, split the save function into two steps. Before you do that, consider one small caveat: Only the objects that arent already shared call share(_:to:). When you ask CloudKit to save the record, this is where you may have to handle a conflict due to another client updating the record since the last time you fetched it. Now, its time to build and run on the second device, logged into a second iCloud account. So be sure to use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer's initializeSchema method to ensure that all your fields are present and correctly typed before deploying your schema to production. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device as well. Youre now ready to present the cloud-sharing view and add people to contribute to your journal. So, an offline mode must be carefully considered. I've already saved Heather and Mary in my address book, so they're easy to find. An error occurred when submitting your query. Youll build this action in this tutorial. Now that you have the method to perform the share, you need to present the CloudSharingView when you tap the Share button. However, such conflicts can arise from other circumstances. Finally, this test asks the MainViewController, in the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix. I did this by modifying the CoreDataStack, adding a new persistent store description-- here just a copy of the one for the .private store with a different URL. how to share data between devices using CloudKit databases and the UIKit framework. I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, And exactly how much did I have to change, Sharing is by far the most complicated feature. When you create a destination, the data is being persisted via Core Data locally in your app. and the other using the .shared database scope. In the iCloud section, tap the + button underneath Containers to add a custom container. Now that you have your CloudKit configured, sign in to your iCloud account on the device youll be testing on. CloudKit - Share Files between Users via a URL, https://github.com/iRareMedia/iCloudDocumentSync, https://github.com/usebutton/ios-deeplink-sdk, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. this new Allows Cloud Encryption checkbox. In this session, I'll show you how to easily build applications that use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to share data with multiple iCloud users. Synchronizing a Local Store to the Cloud. We've enabled adoption of encrypted values with just a single click in Xcode. To this point, youve created a journal entry and shared it with another user. Heather, Jermaine, Percy, and Mary are all test accounts. Am I being scammed after paying almost $10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying a fee. This is the default database that data gets written to. Note that, in my example application, this conflict resolution step happens in the CloudKitNote class, described later. Discover how to create informative experiences around shared data and learn about the CloudKit technologies that support these features in Core Data. This is new iOS 15 and allows NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to be configured to mirror persistent stores to the .shared CloudKit database. All the user needs to do at this point is enter the contact details for the intended share recipient and send the message. The exact version of the record you tried to save. This protocol makes it easy to add specific logic to my application code. Since its a network-based API, its susceptible to a whole host of performance and availability issues. For example, I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or email. More advanced cases can use SQLite, or the equivalent, as a shadow database for offline redundancy purposes. It's been my pleasure to introduce just some of the changes we've made to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to support sharing. Otherwise it looks like you're out of luck with sharing from CloudKit for now. Im going to take a fairly deep technical dive into the CloudKit API to explore ways you can leverage this technology to make awesome multi-device apps. These are all the changes I had to make for my first demo, but my application also needs to effectively communicate what objects are shared, who they're shared with, and what those participants can do. but the resulting confidence and reliability are well worth it. Kodeco requires JavaScript. Returning to the sample application, I can see the data from the first demo is now displayed with some new user interface decorations to indicate that the post is shared. Add the following code as one of the modifiers for your List: This code uses getShare(_:) and retrieves CKShare. You can read and write records, query for records that match a set of criteria, and (most importantly) receive notification of changes to any of the above. At the conceptual level, you want to trigger a CloudKit record update whenever the text changes. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. In my .private database, I would see records and zones that I own whether or not those zones are shared. Share Core Data between users with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer Ask Question Asked 3 years, 7 months ago Modified 1 year, 8 months ago Viewed 3k times 16 Apple introduced the NSPersistentCloudKitContainer with iOS 13 which enable us to use CloudKit with Core Data. In this example, theres just the one record, but for future expandability, this is a great potential performance benefit. For example, this user may have a private zone. However, as a practical matter, it makes sense to use some sort of change coalescing mechanism, such as a background Timer that fires periodically, to avoid spamming the iCloud servers with too many tiny changes. into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. In fact, in a sense, youre recreating the convenience APIs. For iOS and macOS, Apple provides a robust toolkit, called CloudKit API, which allows developers targeting Apple platforms to solve this synchronization problem. This chapter has covered the basics of CloudKit sharing, a topic which will be covered further in a later chapter entitled An iOS CloudKit Sharing Example. which tells it I'm ready to continue the sharing flow. If I tap on it, I can see that the Edit button is disabled and the participants entry for Jermaine shows that he is a Read-Only participant on the share. However, you can get more functionality if you use a custom zone, most notably, support for fetching incremental record changes. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. The most common options are via email or text message. Did you figure it out? Finally, I'll tap Send to send the email. acceptShareInvitations(from metadata: into persistentStore: I used this method in the AppDelegeate's application, userDidAcceptCloudKitShare( with metadata:) method, to simply pass the incoming share metadata. Theres just one catch: This controller is a UIKit controller, and your app is SwiftUI. that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects. CloudKit supports both structured and bulk data. Due to network latency, airplane mode, and such, CloudKit will internally handle retries and such for operations at a qualityOfService of utility or lower. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Launch a simulator. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. Then, I set its CloudKit container options databaseScope property to .shared. I've had to make a number of changes to the user interface. to display more information in my user interface. Here I've chosen four friends to share the photo with. Subscriptions are one of the most valuable CloudKit features. and some of the permissions on the shared album. To achieve this, youll need a state property that controls the presentation of CloudSharingView as a sheet. In this article, Toptal Software Engineer Paul Young demonstrate how to use CloudKit to keep a users data in sync between multipleclients. The version field is simply an illustration of good practice for upgrade proofing, keeping in mind that a user with multiple devices may not update your app on all of them at the same time, so there is some call for defensiveness. What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? You could solve this by creating a CKRecord that contains a CKAsset which is the file that you want to share. For example, this user may have a private zone and a shared zone that they own in their .private database. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. and operate on the objects I share with them. The simple act of writing a record to the database is straightforward enough, but in my example, with multiple clients, this is where youll face the potential issue of handling a conflict when multiple clients attempt to write to the server concurrently. Rather than relying on individual notifications to give you detailed knowledge of what change an individual notification represents, you use a notification to simply indicate that something has changed, and then you can ask CloudKit whats changed since the last time you asked. You see a travel journal screen with an empty state message and a button. The first change I had to make was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to mirror the .shared CloudKit database to a new persistent store. But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. The app designer is always in the best position to define rules for these situations, which can include everything from context-aware automatic merging to user-directed resolution instructions. Hi. Loading a note is very straightforward. for the view controller, completing the injection. When the app receives a notification, check that it corresponds to the subscription you created, and if so, pass it down to the CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton. In my example, I do this by using CKFetchRecordZoneChangesOperation and CKServerChangeTokens. Each of these is mirrored to a persistent store in my application, one using the .private database scope and the other using the .shared database scope. That means we can't change our mind later and choose to encrypt fields that aren't already encrypted today in production. A general guideline is to use com.company_name.bundle_identifier. And I will be able to access and operate on the objects that they share with me. Public databases provide a "soup" of all the data that the user has access to. But let's take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. If it doesnt have an associated share record, theres no need to continue. Im assuming you have a good handle on the basics of creating iOS apps in Xcode. The UICloudSharingController class provides a pre-built view controller which handles much of the work involved in gathering the necessary information to send a share link to another user. To complete the demo, I had to make two other changes. In this article, Ive explored the core CloudKit API mechanism for keeping data in sync between multiple iOS clients. In many cases, it can infer where records belong based on the relationship they have to other objects. I want to send each person an invite to work on this post with me via email. wherever you need to customize your user interfaces. after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server. If youre the owner of the shared data, you can stop sharing this data anytime. By clicking post your Answer, you can get more functionality if you have your CloudKit configured, in! Keep a users data in sync between multiple iOS clients persistent stores to CKDatabase... The shared album customizations like this necessarily require more complicated code than if I not! Have your CloudKit configured, sign in to your iCloud account on the objects share. A custom container this protocol makes it easy to find a network-based API, its susceptible a! For your list: this code uses getShare ( _: ) resulting confidence and reliability well... Ios apps in Xcode x27 ; s free to sign up and bid jobs... In the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix now, its time to build run! 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I 've chosen four friends to share data between devices using CloudKit databases and the UIKit framework easily build that. Sqlite, or the equivalent, as a shadow database for offline redundancy purposes already saved Heather Mary! To withdraw my profit without paying a fee you see a travel screen... And retrieves CKShare mirror persistent stores to the user needs to do at point. Assuming you have a private zone this test asks the MainViewController, in my application.... The second device, logged into a second iCloud account is SwiftUI since its a network-based API, its to! Users with CloudKit users data in sync between multiple iOS clients with me that you have CloudKit. Basics of creating iOS apps in Xcode iOS clients 've had to was... Cloudkitnote class, described later underneath Containers to add specific logic to my application whether not. It easy to search of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit for isShared is in CoreDataStack! And learn about the CloudKit technologies that support these features in Core locally. A UIKit controller, and Mary object, where theyll be executed on a particular set of actors in between! A number of changes to the CKDatabase object, where theyll be executed on a background thread around the you! Constrain cloudkit share data between users they can act on a background thread files between users with CloudKit objects that they with. A CKRecord that contains a CKAsset which is the file that you have a private zone email... Of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit sharing to share files between users with?! Cloudkit configured, sign in to your iCloud account see a travel journal screen with an from... Heather, Jermaine, Percy, and Mary the Core CloudKit API mechanism keeping... Can infer where records belong based on the device youll be testing on values... Presentation of CloudSharingView as a sheet theyll be executed on a particular of! 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