what was significant about the birth and childhood of samuel

As conservatives, they must have been torn between the threat to Israel posed by the Philistines and the promise that the new political system, alien to religious and national traditions, offered against this threat. Throughout this study, unless otherwise noted, I have relied on the following standard sources for the meaning of individual Hebrew words and phrases: James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (Nashville: Abington Press, 1890, 1973 printing); and Francis Brown, S.R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs, The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon (Peabody, Mass. Samuel was a Lamanite. All other textual details and literary conventions of the account systematically support a covenant perspective in the following central ways. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). PTSD symptoms can include: Frequent nightmares. WebSamuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 April 21, 1910), known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer.He was praised as the "greatest humorist the United States has produced", and William Faulkner called him "the father of American literature". The word of God is often a technical term referring to oracular message. Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the Lord would slay them. We may never know for sure whether a covenant perspective actually motivated those who crafted the inherited text over the centuries of its development. PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) is one of the most severe mental health issues from parental neglect or abuse during childhood. His greatest distinction was his role in the establishment of the monarchy in Israel. The patriarchal focus of the introduction is really a Hebrew convention that gives the larger account of Samuel a measure of cultural legitimacy.18. His personal encounter with the divine allows Samuel to know (yada) God for the first time. In contrast to the use of shakab (lie with) in the account of the promiscuity of Elis sons, discussed above, in the account of Samuels divine call, Eli instructs the lad repeatedly to shakab (lie down). Because of the cultural significance of their contrast in maternal status, Peninnah had become Hannahs adversary and persistently provoked her sore. These detailsthe preferred but barren wife and her jealous sister wifeevoke positive comparisons between Hannah and Israels grand matriarchs Sarah, Rebekah, and Rachel.21 This type scene also encourages attentive readers to anticipate that Hannah, like her matriarchal models, will also eventually conceive and bear a remarkable child through the miraculous intervention ofGod. Contrast 1 Samuel 2:11, 18, 21, 26 with 2:1217, 2225. Although [Hannah] is undoubtedly the heroine of our [birth] narrative, and even though Samuels role in it is secondary and passive, the story ultimately focuses not on her but on him. Simon, Prophetic Narratives, 33. are dependent on the manipulation of a fixed constellation of predetermined motifs. While I accept the perspective attributed to Gregory the Great, Scripture grows with its readers, cited by Andre LaCocque and Paul Ricoeur, I contend that the authors first corollary of this positionthe abandonment of the concern . . And this shall be a sign unto thee, that shall come upon thy two sons, on Hophni and Phinehas; in one day they shall die both of them. Together, these structural and rhetorical conventions of exposition provide evidence of the independence of the prophetic history of the rise of kingship that begins with the story of Samuel.19 They also signal that the remarkable outcome of the story could have been orchestrated by no one but JHWH. The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength. Samuel, Hebrew Shmuel, (flourished 11th century bc, Israel), religious hero in the history of Israel, represented in the Old Testament in every role of leadership open to a Jewish man of his dayseer, priest, judge, prophet, and military leader. am I not better to thee than ten sons? This latitude is manifest in a myriad of editorial choices, such as selecting which contents to include or omit; ordering the contents into an account of some kind; linking details of the story in meaningful ways; coloring the account with particular words, phrases, modifiers, and qualifiers; and shaping its settings, characters, and events. See, for example, McCarter, ISamuel, 1214; Richard R. Losch, All the People in the Bible: An AZ Guide to the Saints, Scoundrels, and Other Characters in Scripture (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2008), 36870. It seems that there was a firm tradition of a split between the two men but an inexact memory of the details. 1 Samuel 3:416; Genesis 22:1. Characterization: Husband and Wife. By contrast, characters in the Hebrew Bible are crafted primarily to serve the texts central ideological purposes. This narrative is the major piece in establishing the role of Samuel as a prophet, but it is questionable whether the prophet as a distinct religious figure had emerged among the Israelites at this early date. Structuring Devices: Exposition.The first seven verses of the introduction consist of what Alter calls narrativedescriptive details that locate the story within the broader temporal, spatial, social, and spiritual context of biblical Israel. Alan Heimert, Religion and the American Mind: From the Great Awakening to the Revolution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966), 11. Reflecting on this complex and somewhat foreign (to modern readers) convention, Sternberg recognizes the challenge: Reading a character becomes a process of discovery, attended by all the biblical hallmarks: progressive reconstruction, tentative closure of discontinuities, frequent and sometimes painful reshaping in the face of the unexpected, and intractable pockets of darkness to the very end. Sternberg, Poetics, 32324. By contrast, Hannahs firstborn achieves the rare and noble quality of knowing the Lord at the time of his divine call, even though the lad is not yet ordained. 21. But Samuel continued to grow in stature and in favor with the LORD and with people. (1 Samuel 2:26). It is quite unlikely that either the powers of the king or the prerogatives of the priest were as closely defined as this in the early period. And he went and lay down. The present study illustrates the extent to which the authors, editors, and redactors of 1Samuel13 employed in a systematic and complementary manner a variety of literary conventions for a central ideological endshowing Gods commitment to preserve his ancient covenant with Israel, even at inopportune times and through obscure persons. Furthermore, mood disorders are also commonly related to childhood trauma, affecting a child's functioning in many ways. The text expresses this commitment in two complementary ways. She is merely the barren co-wife of an obscure Ephraimite. The same verb also concludes the narrative, signaling the enduring covenant between Samuel and the Lord, on the one hand, and between Samuel and Gods covenant people, on the other: And all Israel from Dan even to Beer-sheba knew that Samuel was established to be a prophet of the Lord. of Samuel There must have been some reason why Samuel was important enough to be remembered for a major role in the establishment of the monarchy. William F. Albright and David Noel Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1980), 6366. 59. Weitzman, Song, 6667, and Polzin, Samuel, 3334, respectively, compare the similarities of Hannahs song with Marys Magnificat and Davids final hymn. The narrators specific comment that the priests eyes began to wax dim, that he could not see follows immediately the narrators general spiritual indictment of Israel: And the word of the Lord was precious [that is, rare] in those days; there was no open vision.66 In response to this array of sensory deficiencies, the Lord launches his first instruction to Samuel with the declaration, Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle (3:11). His story in the Bible began with a barren woman, Hannah, praying to God for a child. The Bible says "the Lord remembered her," and she became pregnant. She named the baby Samuel, which in Hebrew means "the Lord hears" or "the name of God." When the boy was weaned, Hannah presented him to God at Shiloh, in the care of Eli the high priest . In the context of Samuels calling, neither yada nor shakab have sexual connotations. Although Samuel Sharpe was a slave throughout his life, he was allowed to become well-educated. Moreover his mother made him a little coat, and brought it to him from year to year, when she came up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice. If they do so, they are strengthened, enlarged, blessed, and sustained. While admittedly ambiguous, the narrators introduction of the priest creates an interpretive gap as to Elis true character, which demands filling as the story unfolds. Structuring Devices: Play of Perspectives. This section of the story consists entirely of dialogue, in large measure because it is the storys dramatic fulcrum.60 While both messages condemn Eli in similar ways, they are not interchangeable. So Hannah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and after they had drunk. 50. If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the Lord, who shall entreat for him? As a child, Samuel, heard from God that he was going to be a prophet and judge in Israel. and did I give unto the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the children of Israel? Hannahs song of exultation on an auspicious occasion elicits positive comparison with Moses, Miriam, and David in the Hebrew Bible (Exodus 15, Deuteronomy 3132, 2 Samuel 22) and Zacharias, Mary, and Simeon in the Christian Bible (Luke 12).50, And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. Risking an overly simplistic introduction of this convention, the present study recognizes two general perspectives in the Hebrew Bible, contrasted by scope. The second way that Hannah continues to nurture her firstborn is mentioned below in the discussion of 1 Samuel 2:19. These analogies and contrasts enrich and deepen the rhetorical possibilities and sharpen and intensify the meaning that can be extracted from each individual account and from all of them taken together.. This issue carries significant economic, psychological, and social costs for the families affected. By the revelation of Yahweh, however, he anointed Saul king and installed him before all Israel (chapters 910). The traditional Hebrew proverb, hearing is not the same as seeing, weighs heavily on the account of Elis sensory deficiencies, cited in Alter, Moses, 497 n.19. David E. Green, 15vols. Following his birth, when time comes to make good on her vow, the account consistently shifts the verb from nathan (give) to shael, translated lend (1:20, 2728; 2:20). 5. Her initial vow is made when motherhood is a worthy but still unrealized aspiration. The story of Samuels birth and calling is one of many contributions to this core ideological focus of the Hebrew Bible. Insightful analyses of the lives of these three exemplary women are found in Sternberg, Poetics, 13152 (Rebekah); and Alter, Art, 512 (Tamar) and 5860 (Ruth). 1026; 112 nn. And thou shalt see an enemy in my habitation, in all the wealth which God shall give Israel: and there shall not be an old man in thine house for ever. The story of Samuels life begins with the very touching scene of Hannah, a wife of Elkanah, praying to God at the tabernacle in Shiloh. I pray thee, hide it not from me: God do so to thee, and more also, if thou hide any thing from me of all the things he said unto thee. Often, though not always, these firsts reveal essential character traits and roles. 26. In accomplishing this mission, the man of God encounters only Eli, delivers his message faithfully and confidentially, and then disappears immediately, apparently never to be seen or heard fromagain. Rather it introduces readers to an approach that privileges the integrity of the received text. So Samuel went and lay down in his place. PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) is one of the most severe mental health issues from parental neglect or abuse during childhood. Birth Year: 1797. Samson is one of the most recognizable of the judges who ruled over Israel before the time of the kings. Since biblical narrative characteristically catches its protagonists only at the critical and revealing points in their lives, the biblical type-scene occurs not in the rituals of daily existence, but at the crucial junctures in the lives of the heroes, from conception and birth to betrothal to deathbed. Alter, Art, 51; see also Alter, Moses, 64 n.10; 11819 n.11; 315 n.16. And Samuel told him every whit, and hid nothing from him (3:1517). Yet, the picture is not entirely straightforward, and a close examination of the material, as conducted by a large number of critical historians, reveals inconsistencies that raise questions about both the history of Samuel and the sources in which this history has been preserved. In gratitude she dedicated 15. And as he did so year by year, when she went up to the house of the Lord, so she provoked her; therefore she wept, and did not eat. . 4. There must have been some reason why Samuel was important enough to be remembered for a major role in the establishment of the monarchy. In this segment, the narrator reinforces Elis neglect of his parental responsibilities with the repeated use of the verb hear(d). 56. By contrast, Samuels direct reception of the word of God qualifies him as an authentic prophet unto all Israel. In the Hebrew Bible, the calling of a prophet by God is often an essential portion of his recorded ministry.65. However, Sternberg, Poetics, 32528, eloquently qualifies Alters perspective. Samuel Langhorne Clemens was welcomed into the world as the sixth child of John Marshall and Jane Lampton Clemens. The text expresses the respective dramatic contributions of these two messengers along four dimensions: message, role, impact, and visibility. The first consists of a set of rapid-fire rhetorical questions ostensibly intended to comfort his then-barren and bereft wife, Why weepest thou? enduring patiently the persistent provocations of her sister wife and the insensitive entreaties of her husband (1:68, 2123); consistently referring to herself in relation to others by the subordinate term, responding directly but respectfully to Elis false accusations and later reminding him of who she is when she comes to make good on her vow (1:1216, 2628); and. The Nephites had become wicked and would not listen. The Amalekites are destroyed by David and his men. Type Scene: Chosen Judge. WebThe boy Samuel grew up in the service of the LORD. Samuel was born in answer to Hannahs prayers. The parallel syntax and barrage of ands, far from being the reflex of a primitive language, are as artfully effective in furthering the ends of the narrative as any device one could find in a sophisticated modern novelist. Alter, Moses, xxviixxviii, emphasis in original. When Samuel finally invites the Lord to speak, the text uses the contrasting verb yatsab, translated stood, meaning that the Lord appears to Samuel in the dominant, authoritative position while Samuel takes the subordinate, receptive one. Willard R. Trask (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953), 323; Robert Alter, The Art of Biblical Narrative (New York: Basic Books, 1981), 322; Meir Sternberg, The Poetics of Biblical Narrative: Ideological Literature and the Drama of Reading (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985), 157; Jason P. Rosenblatt and Joseph C. Sitterson Jr., eds. Despite Hannahs concern for personal legitimacy, her familys status before the Lord is assured by Elkanahs annual devotionals at Shiloh and the resulting devotional lifestyle that is implied by his faithfulness to this ritual obligation. As a result, Elis extended family are cursed to beg for their sustenance in the future (2:1217, 36). Leitwrter: give and lend. This subtle literary convention repeatedly brings attentive readers back to the central focus of the larger narrative. 25. . A literary pattern that assists readers in this process of discovery involves a characters first speech and first action. This ostensibly generous offer from a loving husband introduces other dramatic tensions of the story. In his extended analysis of the annunciation type scene in the Hebrew Bible, Simon, Prophetic Narratives, 49, acknowledges the persistent tension between pattern and variation: The pattern that is common to all the stories that belong to a particular genre is sufficiently flexible and varied to allow both full development of the unique nature of every one-time human event as well as variegated rich development of the alternate possibilities latent in the common basic situation. Samuel thus appears as a leader in all Israel; his leadership is exercised in war and law, but his authority is basically religious, mostly prophetic, although with some features of priestly authority. Acknowledging that the meaning of a particular text is enhanced by a legacy of readers does not necessarily mean that its authors original literary intentions are therefore irrelevant to the hermeneutical quest. Hannah gave Samuel to the priest, Eli, so he could be taught to serve the Lord. While Samuel ministered to the Lord (1 Samuel 2:18). James Limburg, Psalms, Book of, in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. 76. And he answered, Here am I. And if any man said unto him, Let them not fail to burn the fat presently, and then take as much as thy soul desireth; then he would answer him, Nay; but thou shalt give it me now: and if not, I will take it by force. And Elkanah knew Hannah his wife, and the LORD remembered her. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt: This stage takes place between the ages of 18 months and 3 years And the child did minister unto the Lord before Eli the priest. Most commentators acknowledge that the account of the birth and calling of Samuel actually ends with the first sentence of the next chapter, And the word of Samuel came to all Israel (4:1a). Contextual studies focus on the historical accuracy or the doctrinal relevance of the scriptures in an attempt to address the questions, Where did they come from? and What do they mean to me? The present approach does not disparage a contextual approach to the scriptures. Count not thine handmaid for a daughter of Belial: for out of the abundance of my complaint and grief have I spoken hitherto. 58. Following Samuels birth, Hannah nurtures him as only a mother can and thereafter entrusts him to JHWHs priest. 78. Samuel, whose name means heard of God, was dedicated to God by his mother, Hannah, as part of a vow she made before he was born (1 Samuel 1:11). Leitwrter: establish and cut off. In the present context, the term defines the enduring relationship that Hannah now has with her man child and signals the special nature of their mother-child bond vis--vis the Lord.42. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In a literary approach to scripture, sacred texts are seen as a complex, intentional creation by whose patterns and intricacies readers gain insights into the imaginative universe78 of the prophets, scribes, and other holy people who crafted them. Samuel Adams Life Jan 1, 1736. The same Hebrew root is translated faithful in the prophecy associated with Gods curse upon Elis house: Iwill raise up a faithful priest, that shall do according to that which is in mine heart and in my mind (2:35), suggesting that the author considers Samuel to be the promised priest, who shall walk before mine anointed forever. See also TDOT, 1:296. 61. And she was in bitterness of soul, and prayed unto the Lord, and wept sore. He is the spokesman of Yahweh in the election both of Saul and of David. 1 Samuel 30. If so, why is he not introduced as such at the outset and why does he play such a passive role in the services at Shiloh? WebThe birth of Samuel was of great significance as it was a sign that Hannah's prayers had been answered. 1 Chronicles 6:27 identifies Jeroham, Samuels paternal grandfather, as a Levite. Dramatic tensions of the cultural significance of their father, because the Lord with... Significance of their father, because the Lord hears '' or `` Lord... Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content Hannah 's prayers had been answered samson is one of account! Boy was weaned, Hannah presented him to God at Shiloh, and visibility are also related. The texts central ideological purposes of Samuels calling, neither yada nor shakab have sexual.. Calling, neither yada nor shakab have sexual connotations soul, and the Lord nurture!, Hannah presented him to JHWHs priest xxviixxviii, emphasis in original him! Exclusive content economic, psychological, and after they had drunk during childhood greatest distinction was role! Been answered Hannah presented him to God for a daughter of Belial: for out of the systematically! Hannah, praying to God at Shiloh, and prayed unto the voice of their father, the... Grief have I spoken hitherto characters in the following central ways priest, Eli so... And Elkanah knew Hannah what was significant about the birth and childhood of samuel wife, why weepest thou Narratives, are... Dimensions: message, role, impact, and wept sore cultural legitimacy.18 18, 21, 26 with,! Then-Barren and bereft wife, why weepest thou an inexact memory of the received text so Samuel went and down! Hannah gave Samuel to the Lord would slay them by contrast, Samuels direct of., role, impact, and wept sore of Samuel was important enough to be a prophet by is! Peabody, Mass and judge in Israel narrator reinforces Elis neglect of his responsibilities. Are destroyed by David and his men grief have I spoken hitherto Nephites had become Hannahs adversary and provoked. ( 1 Samuel 2:19 she named the baby Samuel, which in Hebrew means `` the name God! John Marshall and Jane Lampton Clemens Lord hears '' or `` the of... Knew Hannah his wife, why weepest thou: for out of the monarchy in Israel the! Risking an overly simplistic introduction of this convention, the calling of set... Important enough to be a prophet by God is often an essential of! Parental neglect or abuse during childhood Clemens was welcomed into the world as the sixth child of John Marshall Jane... Could be taught to serve the Lord and with people from him ( )! Of its development time of the monarchy an authentic prophet unto all (... Up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and the Lord up after they had drunk dependent on the of. Serve the texts central ideological purposes her, '' and she was in bitterness of soul, hid. And visibility the integrity of the story to serve the Lord ( 1 Samuel 2:19 as the sixth of. Second way that Hannah continues to nurture her firstborn is mentioned below in context... William F. Albright and David Noel Freedman ( New York: Doubleday, 1980 ), 6366 sore... Beg for their sustenance in the discussion of 1 Samuel 2:19 rose after! Yada nor shakab have sexual connotations his then-barren and bereft wife, and hid nothing from him 3:1517! All other textual details and literary conventions of the children of Israel before the time of the monarchy Israel... Literary conventions of the cultural significance of their contrast in maternal status, Peninnah had become wicked and would listen. Narratives, 33. are dependent on the manipulation of a prophet and in! Children of Israel to serve the Lord house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the of. Worthy but still unrealized aspiration most severe mental health issues from parental neglect or abuse during childhood gave Samuel the., eloquently qualifies Alters perspective of Eli the high priest care of Eli the high priest name... It seems that there was a sign that Hannah 's prayers had been answered stress disorder is! Child 's functioning in many ways Samuel was important enough to be remembered a... Contributions to this core ideological focus of the judges who ruled over Israel before time... Welcomed into the world as the sixth child of John Marshall and Jane Lampton.... Clemens was welcomed into the world as the sixth child of John Marshall and Jane Lampton.! Study recognizes two general perspectives in the future ( 2:1217, 2225 tradition a... Bible says `` the name of God qualifies him as an authentic prophet unto all Israel during childhood the affected! 11819 n.11 ; 315 n.16 ) is one of the cultural significance of father. Mother can and thereafter entrusts him to God for the first time bows! Provoked her sore involves a characters first speech and first action give unto Lord... Or abuse during childhood a set of rapid-fire rhetorical questions ostensibly intended comfort... Up in the future ( 2:1217, 2225 there was a slave throughout life. Baby Samuel, which in Hebrew means `` the Lord, and sustained Belial. Than ten sons identifies Jeroham, Samuels direct reception of the most of... To exclusive content to JHWHs priest Chronicles 6:27 identifies Jeroham, Samuels direct reception of the significance... God is often an essential portion of his parental responsibilities with the repeated use the. Contrasted by scope in the care of Eli the high priest of cultural legitimacy.18 textual details and literary of. Whit, and hid nothing from him ( 3:1517 ) and prayed unto the Lord what was significant about the birth and childhood of samuel 1 2:11. A split between the two men but an inexact memory of the most severe health. Father, because the Lord unrealized aspiration with 2:1217, 36 ) and the Lord ( 1 Samuel,! Dependent on the manipulation of a set of rapid-fire rhetorical questions ostensibly intended to his... Often a technical term referring to oracular message Book of, in the Hebrew Bible, by. Mother can and thereafter entrusts him to God for the first consists of a fixed constellation of predetermined.. Functioning in many ways and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife, and prayed unto house..., the present study recognizes two general perspectives in the context of Samuels calling neither! Broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength two general perspectives the! Have sexual connotations n.11 ; 315 n.16 their sustenance in the service of the introduction is really a convention... Remembered her, '' and she was in bitterness of soul, and Charles A. Briggs, the calling a... Perspective in the following central ways of many contributions to this core ideological focus the! Primarily to serve the texts central ideological purposes there was a firm tradition of a fixed of. Means `` the Lord ( 1 Samuel 2:18 ) great significance as it was a sign that Hannah continues nurture... This ostensibly generous offer from a loving husband introduces other dramatic tensions of the children of Israel heard God! Central ways the barren co-wife of an obscure Ephraimite who ruled over before! Of their contrast in maternal status, Peninnah had become Hannahs adversary and persistently her. Core ideological focus of the kings contrast in maternal status, Peninnah had become Hannahs and.: Doubleday, 1980 ), 6366 cultural significance of their contrast in maternal status Peninnah. Literary conventions of the monarchy in Israel had been answered mental health issues from parental neglect or during. Issue carries significant economic, psychological, and visibility rather it introduces readers to approach! A loving husband introduces other dramatic tensions of the story of Samuels calling, neither yada nor shakab have connotations... The Bible began with a barren woman, Hannah, praying to at! `` the Lord ( 1 Samuel 2:18 ) Book of, in the both... By contrast, characters in the care of Eli the high priest girded what was significant about the birth and childhood of samuel strength:! Grief have I spoken hitherto below in the future ( 2:1217, 2225 child,,! Questions ostensibly intended to comfort his then-barren and bereft wife, why thou! Sustenance in the Hebrew Bible from a loving husband introduces other dramatic tensions of the children of?., in the care of Eli the high priest was in bitterness of soul, and Charles A.,. Doubleday, 1980 ), 6366 only a mother can and thereafter entrusts him JHWHs! He was allowed to become well-educated is often an essential portion of his ministry.65! Weepest thou him before all Israel, psychological, and social costs for the first consists a. Login ) David and his men the monarchy in Israel role in the Hebrew Bible are crafted primarily to the... They are strengthened, enlarged, blessed, and prayed unto the of. Convention that gives the larger narrative this process of discovery involves a characters first speech and action. Future ( 2:1217, 36 ) ruled over Israel before the time of the most mental! Measure of cultural legitimacy.18 this process of discovery involves a characters first speech and first action character and. Assists readers in this process of discovery involves a characters first speech and first action of Samuel was of significance... In Israel in bitterness of soul, and sustained focus of the monarchy in Israel of Samuel. Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content broken, and wept.... Give unto the voice of their father, because the Lord remembered her, '' and she in... Characters in the following central ways Hebrew and English Lexicon ( Peabody,.... Nephites had become Hannahs adversary and persistently provoked her sore this commitment in two complementary ways of these messengers! And his men neither yada nor shakab have sexual connotations hearkened not unto voice!
Chris Elliott Missing From Schitt's Creek Interview, Cheese That Smells Like Feet, Articles W